Аналіз просвітницько-педагогічної діяльності П.І.Ковалевського в контексті проблеми виховання особистості

Abstract

У статті на основі вивчення історико-педагогічних джерел та наукової літератури було систематизовано факти життєдіяльності П. Ковалевського(1849/1850-1930/1931); досліджено особливості просвітницько-педагогчної діяльності вченого; визначено роль освітянина в актуалізації значущості національного виховання молоді.

В статье на основе изучения историко-педагогических источников и научной литературы были систематизированы факты жизнедеятельности П. Ковалевского (1849/1850-1930/1931); исследованы особенности просветительско-педагогической деятельности ученого, определены роль педагога в актуализации значимости национального воспитания молодежи.

The article considers the problem of individual’s education in enlightment- pedagogical activity of professor, doctor of medicine, one of the founders of psychiatry in Ukraine – Pavlo Kovalevskiy. On the basis of historical-pedagogical sources and scientific literature the facts of P. Kovalevsky’s life (1849/1850-1930/1931) were systematized, peculiarities of enlightment-pedagogical work of the scientist and his role in the actualization of the importance of national education were defined. It was noted that the combination of the teaching, research and educational functions was the characteristic feature of the P. Kovalevskiy’s pedagogical activity and it was typical for the best representatives of the national Universities in the late 19th – early 20th century. The article highlights the important role of P. Kovalevskiy’s scientific knowledge and personal abilities (erudition, abilities to relate knowledge from several information spheres and to establish and maintain interpersonal relationships, speaking, organizational and research skills) in his pedagogical activity and in individual’s education. The essence of P. Kovalevskiy’s enlighten activity was determined. It was noted that the famous scientist proved the importance of healthy living in community’s development and education of patriotic spirit among the youth. The article outlines that the enlightment-pedagogical activity of P. Kovalevskiy was based on the principle of humanity and it was not only a school of thought, but also a school of valuable relationship to surrounding reality. It was examined the less known P. Kovalevskiy’s pedagogical works, which are relevant and important for finding answers to the contemporary problems of moral and physical education. In his book «Nationalism and National Education in Russia» («Национализм и национальное воспитание в России) the author defined the concept of «national education». P. Kovalevskiy laid special emphasis on the role of national character during the organization of national education. P. Kovalevskiy also emphasized a great role of a teacher in patriotic education. It was noted that P. Kovalevskiy justified ideology of Russian nationalism and could not completely move away from ethnic stereotypes, but this fact did not affect the value orientation of his followers in medical science and education. The article outlines that an idea of impotence of education of ethnic tolerance between children of different nationalities can be recognized in P. Kovalevskiy’s pedagogical works.