Формування творчого потенціалу науковців Харківського університету – фундаторів медичної та фармацевтичної освіти в Україні

Abstract

У статті досліджуються особливості формування творчого потенціалу науковців Харківського університету – фундаторів вітчизняної медичної та фармацевтичної освіти (друга половина ХІХ – початок ХХ ст.). З проблемою педагогічної творчості пов’язується проблема духовності викладача.

В статье исследуются особенности творческого потенциала ученых Харьковского университета – основателей отечественного медицинского и фармацевтического образования (вторая половина ХІХ – начало ХХ в.). Наряду с проблемой педагогического творчества рассматривается проблема духовности преподавателя.

The article considers the problem of formation of the creative potential of Kharkiv University’s scientists – the founders of medical and pharmaceutical education in Ukraine in the second half of 19th – early 20th century. The essence of the creative potential was determined and the ways of formation of the creative potential of Kharkiv University’s scientists were described. It was noted that the definition of the concept «individual creativity» has been widely used only during the second half of the 20th century, but the features of creative and spiritual personalities were embodied by the founders of national medical and pharmaceutical education in the second half of the 19th century. Studying and analysing the activities of the Physics and Mathematics, and the Medical Faculties of Kharkiv University during the second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries suggests that the advancement of science, medical and pharmaceutical education was directly linked with the work of such talented scholars as M. Valiashko, A. Zommer, I. Zarubin, L. Hirshman, V. Danylevsky, D. Rodzaievskiy, S. Popov, I. Shchelkov, P. Kovalevskiy, I. Troitskiy. It was noted that the creative potential of Kharkiv Imperial University’s scientists was formed during the whole period of their lives and was developed through enriching their creative experience. The article highlights the ways and conditions of formation of the creative potential of Kharkiv University’s scientists in medical and pharmaceutical spheres: promotion of their own creative abilities, creation of the high school’s atmosphere that facilitated the personal abilities; active research and pedagogical activities. The schools of different science fields based on new ideas, methods and techniques of research were formed under the guidance of leading scientists and educators of the Medical Faculty of Kharkiv University. The main components of scientific and educational activities of the founders of medical and pharmaceutical education at Kharkiv University are generalized. Among them the following components have been listed: training courses, participation in the preparation of textbooks, holding lectures, laboratory works, seminars and other activities with students, guiding students in scientific researches, finding and developing new pedagogical forms and methods, fundraising, organization and execution of researches, preparation of popular science and other materials for public outreach, implementation of educational functions in the group and individual work with students; continuous personal and professional development. The article outlines that different research schools were based under the guidance of leading scientists and pedagogues of the Medical Faculty in Kharkiv University. It was noted that the creative activity of Kharkiv University’s talented scientists was in unity with their spiritual qualities that determined the ability of these outstanding personalities to be involved into a complex system of social relations.