Педагогічна й громадсько-просвітницька діяльність науковців Слобожанщини – фундаторів медичної та фармацевтичної освіти в Україні (ХІХ – поч. ХХ століття)

Abstract

У дисертації представлено цілісний аналіз проблеми становлення та розвитку педагогічної й громадсько-просвітницької діяльності науковців-медиків та природодослідників Слобожанщини в широких хронологічних межах (ХІХ – поч. ХХ ст.). Охарактеризовано історіографію (дореволюційна, радянська, сучасна українська, зарубіжна) та джерельну базу дослідження. Розкрито термінологічне поле досліджуваної проблеми й визначено методологічні підходи до її вивчення. Уперше в українській історико-педагогічній науці виявлено передумови, обґрунтовано етапи педагогічної й громадсько-просвітницької діяльності науковців-медиків та природодослідників Слобожанщини – фундаторів вітчизняної вищої медичної й фармацевтичної освіти упродовж ХІХ – поч. ХХ ст., схарактеризовано зміст і напрями педагогічної діяльності, узагальнено досвід громадсько-просвітницької діяльності науковців-медиків та природодослідників Слобожанщини впродовж досліджуваного періоду. Визначено прогностичні тенденції розвитку педагогічної й громадськопросвітницької діяльності науковців-медиків та природодослідників Слобожанщини в контексті розбудови медичної та фармацевтичної освіти в Україні.

In the thesis the integral systematic analysis of the incipience and development of pedagogical, public and enlightenment activity of Slobozhanshchyna scientists – founders of Medical and Pharmaceutical education in Ukraine during the 19 th– early 20th centuries have been executed for the first time in Ukrainian historical and pedagogical science. The content and directions of development of a certain problem in pre-revolutionary, Soviet, Ukrainian post-Soviet and foreign historiography are analyzed. The following groups of sources were used in the research: legislative acts and normative documents of Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of National Education etc.; documents on activity of Kharkiv University; archival files; statistical publications and historical reference publications; speeches and reports, literary works and publications, biographical essays; didactic sources; memories; periodicals; researches. The methodological concepts of the studied problem were defined. It is revealed that the preconditions of the genesis of pedagogical and public-educational activity of Slobozhanshchyna medical scientists and naturalists in the period of the 19 th– early 20th centuries were identified by the following factors: socio-economic, socio-political; socio-cultural; geopolitical. The stages of pedagogical, public and enlightenment activity of Slobozhanshchyna medical scientists and naturalists during the 19 th– early 20th centuries have been identified. The first stage (1804–1834) is the incipience of pedagogical and enlightenment activity of medical scientists and naturalists of Slobozhanshchyna in the educational space of Kharkiv University, manifestations of their public and enlightenment activity outside the University. The second stage (1835–1862) – expansion of directions, forms, content of pedagogical and enlightenment activity of Slobozhanshchyna medical scientists and naturalists as a result of revision of approaches to the process of training of medical and pharmaceutical officials and legislative regulation of publicenlightenment initiatives. The third stage (1863–1883) – deepening the content of pedagogical activity of Slobozhanshchyna medical scientists and naturalists in certain areas and reviving the manifestations of their socially useful activity in the context of the growth of the social and enlightenment movement. The fourth stage (1884–1917) – increasing the requirements for pedagogical and intensification of public and enlightenment activity of Slobozhanshchyna medical scientists and naturalists against the background of implemented and projected reforms of University education and diversification of forms of public and enlightenment movement. The content and directions of pedagogical activity of Slobozhanshchyna medical scientists and naturalists in the organizational, teaching and methodological forms, in the scientific field during the researched period are generalized. During the studied period there were directions of public and enlightenment activity of Slobozhanshchyna medical scientists and naturalists: within the University environment; outside the University environment. Among forms of public and enlightenment activity of Slobozhanshchyna medical scientists and naturalists within the University environment during the researched period, which were characterized, are the following: popularization of knowledge and appeals to the solution of socially significant issues by delivering and publishing speeches at solemn events of the University and meetings of faculty councils; manifestations of charity and private initiative, support of needy University students and publications of medical students; providing on behalf of the faculty of advice to representatives of state and public institutions; involvement of women in educational and scientific activity, initiating research to provide the army with drugs, giving public lectures at the University ets. Among main forms of public and enlightenment activity of Slobozhanshchyna medical scientists and naturalists outside the University during the 19th – early 20th centuries, which were characterized, are the following: participation in the organization and work of public and enlightenment societies; promoting the organization of leisure, summer colonies for children, institutionalization of private women’s education, opening and operation of research institutions; participation in charitable events of certain public and enlightenment societies; replenishment of information space with materials of educational content; editorial activity; providing expert assessments in judicial institutions; support of public and national, environmental movements etc. The thesis defines prognostic developmental tendencies and perspective directions of actualization of valuable ideas and experience of pedagogical, public and enlightenment activity of Slobozhanshchyna medical scientists and naturalists of the 19th– early 20th centuries in the context of development of medical pharmaceutical education in Ukraine.