Catananche Caerulea L. As a source of natural compounds

Abstract

Introduction. Medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family are one of the most important sources of bioactive compounds in the pharmaceutical field. Plants are characterized by a high content of secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and sesquiterpene lactones, which determine their wide range of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities [1,4]. Among these, Catananche caerulea L. (commonly known as “Cupid’s Dart”) represents a particularly interesting yet comparatively underexplored species within the subfamily Cichorioideae and the specific subtribe Scolyminae [6]. Historically, C. caerulea was used in folk medicine and traditional rituals, particularly in Mediterranean cultures where it earned its name from its use in ancient love potions [2]. Beyond its cultural history, its botanical resilience and unique chemical profile make it a candidate for modern phytochemical investigation. C. caerulea is a perennial herbaceous plant. It features erect, slender stems reaching up to 80 cm in height, which are often branched at the base. The leaves are primarily basal, narrow linear or lanceolate, often slightly tomentose, reflecting an evolutionary adaptation to reduce water loss. The most striking feature of the plant is its solitary flower heads (capitula) with vivid blue-to-violet ligulate florets, surrounded by translucent, papery (scarious) bracts [2,3]. The native range of C. caerulea encompasses the Mediterranean Basin, specifically spanning Spain, Southern France, Italy, and North African regions. Ecologically, the plant thrives in dry, well-drained soils, indicating its adaptation to environmental stress conditions. It typically flowers from mid-summer to early autumn [2,3,6]. Currently, it is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant across Europe, ensuring its accessibility as a potential herbal raw material.